(CNN) -- In areas where hurricanes can strike, it's a good idea to have a closet or an area set aside for storm preparedness storage. There, you can keep items you'll need in case disaster strikes suddenly or you need to evacuate.
It's also important to
know the difference between a watch and a warning, and when they are
issued for tropical storms and hurricanes.
A hurricane warning means
hurricane conditions -- sustained winds above 73 mph -- are expected
somewhere within the warning area, and it is time to finish preparation
to protect people and property. "Because hurricane preparedness
activities become difficult once winds reach tropical storm force, the
hurricane warning is issued 36 hours in advance of the anticipated onset
of tropical-storm-force winds" -- 39 to 73 mph, the National Hurricane
Center says.
A hurricane watch means
hurricane conditions are possible in the watch area, and are issued 48
hours before the anticipated onset of tropical-storm-force winds.
A tropical storm warning
means tropical-storm-force winds are expected somewhere in the
designated area within 36 hours. A tropical storm watch means such
conditions are possible within 48 hours.
Here are recommendations on what to do before a storm approaches:
-- Download an
application to your smartphone that can notify people where you are, and
if you need help or are safe. The Red Cross has a Hurricane App
available in the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store. A First Aid
app is also available.
-- Use hurricane shutters or board up windows and doors with 5/8 inch plywood.
-- Bring outside items in if they could be picked up by the wind.
-- Clear gutters of debris.
-- Reinforce the garage door.
-- Turn the refrigerator
to its coldest setting in case power goes off. Use a cooler to keep
from opening the doors on the freezer or refrigerator.
-- Fill a bathtub with water.
-- Get full tank of gas in one car.
-- Go over the evacuation plan with the family, and learn alternate routes to safety.
-- Learn the location of the nearest shelter or nearest pet-friendly shelter.
-- Put an ax in your attic in case of severe flooding.
-- Evacuate if ordered and stick to marked evacuation routes, if possible.
-- Store important documents -- passports, Social Security cards, birth certificates, deeds -- in a watertight container.
-- Have a current inventory of household property.
-- Leave a note to say where you are going.
-- Unplug small appliances and electronics before you leave.
-- If possible, turn off the electricity, gas and water for residence.
Here is a list of supplies:
-- A three-day supply of water, one gallon per person per day.
-- Three days of food,
with suggested items including: canned meats, canned or dried fruits,
canned vegetables, canned juice, peanut butter, jelly, salt-free
crackers, energy/protein bars, trail mix/nuts, dry cereal, cookies or
other comfort food.
-- A can opener.
-- Flashlight(s).
-- A battery-powered radio, preferably a weather radio.
-- Extra batteries.
-- A first aid kit,
including latex gloves; sterile dressings; soap/cleaning agent;
antibiotic ointment; burn ointment; adhesive bandages in small, medium
and large sizes; eye wash; a thermometer; aspirin/pain reliever;
anti-diarrhea tablets; antacids; laxatives; small scissors; tweezers;
petroleum jelly.
-- A small fire extinguisher.
-- Whistles for each person.
-- A seven-day supply of medications.
-- Vitamins.
-- A multipurpose tool, with pliers and a screwdriver.
-- Cell phones and chargers.
-- Contact information for the family.
-- A sleeping bag for each person.
-- Extra cash.
-- A silver foil emergency blanket.
-- A map of the area.
-- Baby supplies.
-- Pet supplies.
-- Wet wipes.
-- A camera (to document storm damage).
-- Insect repellent.
-- Rain gear.
-- Tools and supplies for securing your home.
-- Plastic sheeting.
-- Duct tape.
-- Dust masks.
-- An extra set of house keys.
-- An extra set of car keys.
-- An emergency ladder to evacuate the second floor.
-- Household bleach.
-- Paper cups, plates and paper towels.
-- Activities for children.
-- Charcoal and matches, if you have a portable grill. But only use it outside.
American Red Cross tips on what to do after the storm arrives:
-- Continue listening to a NOAA Weather Radio or the local news for the latest updates.
-- Stay alert for extended rainfall and subsequent flooding even after the hurricane or tropical storm has ended.
-- If you evacuated, return home only when officials say it is safe.
-- Drive only if necessary and avoid flooded roads and washed out bridges.
-- Keep away from loose or dangling power lines and report them immediately to the power company.
-- Stay out of any building that has water around it.
-- Inspect your home for damage. Take pictures of damage, both of the building and its contents, for insurance purposes.
-- Use flashlights in the dark. Do NOT use candles.
-- Avoid drinking or preparing food with tap water until you are sure it's not contaminated.
-- Check refrigerated food for spoilage. If in doubt, throw it out.
-- Wear protective clothing and be cautious when cleaning up to avoid injury.
-- Watch animals closely and keep them under your direct control.
-- Use the telephone only for emergency calls.
Sources: American Red Cross, Federal Emergency Management Agency, National Hurricane Center
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